Java线程池的几种实现方法和区别介绍
- import java.text.DateFormat;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Random;
- import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.Future;
- public class TestThreadPool {
- // -newFixedThreadPool与cacheThreadPool差不多,也是能reuse就用,但不能随时建新的线程
- // -其独特之处:任意时间点,最多只能有固定数目的活动线程存在,此时如果有新的线程要建立,只能放在另外的队列中等待,直到当前的线程中某个线程终止直接被移出池子
- // -和cacheThreadPool不同,FixedThreadPool没有IDLE机制(可能也有,但既然文档没提,肯定非常长,类似依赖上层的TCP或UDP
- // IDLE机制之类的),所以FixedThreadPool多数针对一些很稳定很固定的正规并发线程,多用于服务器
- // -从方法的源代码看,cache池和fixed 池调用的是同一个底层池,只不过参数不同:
- // fixed池线程数固定,并且是0秒IDLE(无IDLE)
- // cache池线程数支持0-Integer.MAX_VALUE(显然完全没考虑主机的资源承受能力),60秒IDLE
- private static ExecutorService fixedService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(6);
- // -缓存型池子,先查看池中有没有以前建立的线程,如果有,就reuse.如果没有,就建一个新的线程加入池中
- // -缓存型池子通常用于执行一些生存期很短的异步型任务
- // 因此在一些面向连接的daemon型SERVER中用得不多。
- // -能reuse的线程,必须是timeout IDLE内的池中线程,缺省timeout是60s,超过这个IDLE时长,线程实例将被终止及移出池。
- // 注意,放入CachedThreadPool的线程不必担心其结束,超过TIMEOUT不活动,其会自动被终止。
- private static ExecutorService cacheService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- // -单例线程,任意时间池中只能有一个线程
- // -用的是和cache池和fixed池相同的底层池,但线程数目是1-1,0秒IDLE(无IDLE)
- private static ExecutorService singleService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
- // -调度型线程池
- // -这个池子里的线程可以按schedule依次delay执行,或周期执行
- private static ExecutorService scheduledService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
- List<Integer> customerList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
- System.out.println(format.format(new Date()));
- testFixedThreadPool(fixedService, customerList);
- System.out.println("--------------------------");
- testFixedThreadPool(fixedService, customerList);
- fixedService.shutdown();
- System.out.println(fixedService.isShutdown());
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");
- testCacheThreadPool(cacheService, customerList);
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");
- testCacheThreadPool(cacheService, customerList);
- cacheService.shutdownNow();
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");
- testSingleServiceThreadPool(singleService, customerList);
- testSingleServiceThreadPool(singleService, customerList);
- singleService.shutdown();
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");
- testScheduledServiceThreadPool(scheduledService, customerList);
- testScheduledServiceThreadPool(scheduledService, customerList);
- scheduledService.shutdown();
- }
- public static void testScheduledServiceThreadPool(ExecutorService service, List<Integer> customerList) {
- List<Callable<Integer>> listCallable = new ArrayList<Callable<Integer>>();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Callable<Integer> callable = new Callable<Integer>() {
- @Override
- public Integer call() throws Exception {
- return new Random().nextInt(10);
- }
- };
- listCallable.add(callable);
- }
- try {
- List<Future<Integer>> listFuture = service.invokeAll(listCallable);
- for (Future<Integer> future : listFuture) {
- Integer id = future.get();
- customerList.add(id);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println(customerList.toString());
- }
- public static void testSingleServiceThreadPool(ExecutorService service, List<Integer> customerList) {
- List<Callable<List<Integer>>> listCallable = new ArrayList<Callable<List<Integer>>>();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Callable<List<Integer>> callable = new Callable<List<Integer>>() {
- @Override
- public List<Integer> call() throws Exception {
- List<Integer> list = getList(new Random().nextInt(10));
- boolean isStop = false;
- while (list.size() > 0 && !isStop) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " -- sleep:1000");
- isStop = true;
- }
- return list;
- }
- };
- listCallable.add(callable);
- }
- try {
- List<Future<List<Integer>>> listFuture = service.invokeAll(listCallable);
- for (Future<List<Integer>> future : listFuture) {
- List<Integer> list = future.get();
- customerList.addAll(list);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println(customerList.toString());
- }
- public static void testCacheThreadPool(ExecutorService service, List<Integer> customerList) {
- List<Callable<List<Integer>>> listCallable = new ArrayList<Callable<List<Integer>>>();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Callable<List<Integer>> callable = new Callable<List<Integer>>() {
- @Override
- public List<Integer> call() throws Exception {
- List<Integer> list = getList(new Random().nextInt(10));
- boolean isStop = false;
- while (list.size() > 0 && !isStop) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " -- sleep:1000");
- isStop = true;
- }
- return list;
- }
- };
- listCallable.add(callable);
- }
- try {
- List<Future<List<Integer>>> listFuture = service.invokeAll(listCallable);
- for (Future<List<Integer>> future : listFuture) {
- List<Integer> list = future.get();
- customerList.addAll(list);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println(customerList.toString());
- }
- public static void testFixedThreadPool(ExecutorService service, List<Integer> customerList) {
- List<Callable<List<Integer>>> listCallable = new ArrayList<Callable<List<Integer>>>();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Callable<List<Integer>> callable = new Callable<List<Integer>>() {
- @Override
- public List<Integer> call() throws Exception {
- List<Integer> list = getList(new Random().nextInt(10));
- boolean isStop = false;
- while (list.size() > 0 && !isStop) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " -- sleep:1000");
- isStop = true;
- }
- return list;
- }
- };
- listCallable.add(callable);
- }
- try {
- List<Future<List<Integer>>> listFuture = service.invokeAll(listCallable);
- for (Future<List<Integer>> future : listFuture) {
- List<Integer> list = future.get();
- customerList.addAll(list);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println(customerList.toString());
- }
- public static List<Integer> getList(int x) {
- List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
- list.add(x);
- list.add(x * x);
- return list;
- }
- }
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使用:LinkedBlockingQueue实现线程池讲解
- //例如:corePoolSize=3,maximumPoolSize=6,LinkedBlockingQueue(10)
- //RejectedExecutionHandler默认处理方式是:ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy
- //ThreadPoolExecutor executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, 1L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10));
- //1.如果线程池中(也就是调用executorService.execute)运行的线程未达到LinkedBlockingQueue.init(10)的话,当前执行的线程数是:corePoolSize(3)
- //2.如果超过了LinkedBlockingQueue.init(10)并且超过的数>=init(10)+corePoolSize(3)的话,并且小于init(10)+maximumPoolSize. 当前启动的线程数是:(当前线程数-init(10))
- //3.如果调用的线程数超过了init(10)+maximumPoolSize 则根据RejectedExecutionHandler的规则处理。
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关于:RejectedExecutionHandler几种默认实现讲解
- //默认使用:ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy,处理程序遭到拒绝将抛出运行时RejectedExecutionException。
- RejectedExecutionHandler policy=new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy();
- // //在 ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy 中,线程调用运行该任务的execute本身。此策略提供简单的反馈控制机制,能够减缓新任务的提交速度。
- // policy=new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy();
- // //在 ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy 中,不能执行的任务将被删除。
- // policy=new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy();
- // //在 ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy 中,如果执行程序尚未关闭,则位于工作队列头部的任务将被删除,然后重试执行程序(如果再次失败,则重复此过程)。
- // policy=new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy();
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